Ephedra compounds, mainly ephedrine are used for a variety of medicinal purposes. Ephedra distachya gaudin ephedra distachya cladera et al. The various species of ephedra are widespread in many lands, native to southwestern north america, southern europe, northern africa, southwest and central asia, northern china and western south america. These side effects might be more likely if ephedra is used in high doses or longterm. Some biomorphological peculiarities of ephedra distachya l. Plants are singlesexed, male and female plants are required for fruiting. Ephedra is a plantbased herb that was originally used for curative purposes in chinese medicine. List of various diseases cured by ephedra distachya. Chemical composition of various ephedra species europe pmc. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks. It is based on the version for eur15, which was adopted by the habitats committ.
Because of adverse events and lack of efficacy, use is not recommended for weight loss or increased athletic performance. About about europe pmc funders joining europe pmc governance roadmap outreach. The species is dioecious individual flowers are either male or female, but only one sex is to be found on any one plant so both male and female plants must be grown if seed is required. Chemical constituents of the stems of ephedra sinica. Ephedra distachya is used to relieve acute muscular and rheumatic pains when it is called teamsters. Ephedra, genus of 65 species of gymnosperm shrubs of the family ephedraceae. Ephedra distachya sea grape, jointfir pfaf plant database.
Ephedra distachya epedioverview eppo global database. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Ephedra has been a common herbal medicine in china for thousands of years, and several species are important in ayurvedic medicine. The aim of this study was to measure the total alkaloids content tac, total phenolics content tpc, and total flavonoids content tfc and determine their relationship in dry herb of ephedra major, ephedra distachya subsp. Pdf this study provides new information on phylogenetic relationships in the ephedra. Ephedra distachya describiose por carlos linneo y espublizose en species plantarum 2. Ephedra profile ephedra ephedra sinica, also known as mahuang, is an herbal stimulant drug composed of two active compounds pseudoephedrine and ephedrine that are ingredients in many overthecounter products. Anatomical, chemical, and molecular genetic studies of.
The plants database includes the following 19 species of ephedra. How ephedra distachya is effective for various diseases is listed in repertory format. Due to its stimulant properties, ephedra became a very popular fitness supplement promoting extreme levels of energy, fat reduction, and athletic performance. This article is within the scope of wikiproject plants, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of plants and botany on wikipedia. Purpose of assessment the federal office of consumer protection and food safety bvl, in collaboration with the als working party on dietary foods, nutrition and classification issues, has compiled a hit list of 10 substances, the consumption of which may pose a health risk. Jun 24, 2014 this page was last edited on 22 december 2019, at 22. Generative reproduction seed production, germination, ontogeny of ephedra distachya has been investigated on the relict locality. Ephedra use is linked to high blood pressure, heart attacks, muscle disorders, seizures, strokes, irregular heartbeat, loss of consciousness, and death. Simultaneously, germination and seedlings development in ex situ conditions have been observed, while in natural community in situ no positive reproduction has been observed. Some asian species have been used as a source of the stimulant ephedrine, and many are important in herbal medicine. Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams. The medicinal significance of ephedra is based on the. Ephedra distachya was denominated in 1753 by linnaeus and is widely distributed from europe to west central asia linnaeus 1753. These ephedra species have medicinal, ecological, and economic value.
Names of ephedra distachya in various languages of the world are also given. It prefers a sandy soil and survives on relatively little water. Ephedra is an evolutionally isolated group and is the only genus in the order ephedrales. Ephedra distachya is an evergreen shrub growing to 1 m 3ft 3in by 1 m 3ft 3in. Ephedra can cause severe lifethreatening or disabling conditions in some people. Ephedra distachya herb uses, benefits, cures, side effects. The pollen of three ephedra taxa, ephedra torreyana, e. Frenelopsis turolensis, a spanish early cretaceous cheirolepidiaceae article pdf available in canadian journal of botany 7912. A categorized index of firstperson experiences with ephedra sinica. The fda regulates ephedrine, the synthesized form of ephedra. Ephedra distachya is a shrub in the family ephedraceae that stands about 25 cm to 50 cm high. These species grow in dry climate over wide areas of the northern hemisphere including north america,europe, north africa, and south west and central asia. Chemical constituents of the stems of ephedra sinica article in journal of asian natural products research 112. The pure alkaloid ephedrine was first isolated and characterised by nagai in 1885.
Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles. The shrub grows in many parts of the world, including southern and central europe and western and central asia. Ephedra is a chinese shrub which has been used in china for medicinal purposes for several thousand years. This is a ground covering perennial that can become shrublike under ideal growing conditions. Ephedra commonly known as joint pine, joint fir, mormon tea or brigham tea is the only genus in family ephedraceae and order ephedrales. Seu uso medicinal esta documentado desde ha cinco mil anos na china, onde esta erva e conhecida pelo nome ma huang. Meaning, reproduction and economic importance gnetales. Pdf casuals omitted from the sixth edition of nouvelle. Get started for free sign up with facebook sign up with twitter i dont have a facebook or a twitter account. Online plant guide ephedra distachya sea grape, jointfir. In romania a single species of ephedraceae family occurs ephedra distachya l.
Pdf chemical composition of various ephedra species. Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis. Ephedra sinica, a species of ephedra ma huang, contains the alkaloids ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, which have been found to induce central nervous system stimulation, bronchodilation, and vasoconstriction with ephedrine toxicity associated with stroke, myocardial infarction and sudden death. Ephedra distachya csikofark description the gymnosperm. Ephedra distachya efedra con due spighe flora italiana. Pdf a molecular phylogenetic study of the ephedra distachya e. This ephedra is extremely hardy, surviving deep freezes and very high temperatures. Pdf synergy between lidar, radarsat2, and spot5 images. Various asian plants, particularly ma huang ephedra sinica, have been used as sources of the drug ephedrine. Ephedra bienfaits, utilisation, posologie, astuces passeport sante. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Ephedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs, the only genus in its family, ephedraceae, and order, ephedrales.
Generative reproduction of ephedra ephedra distachya in. The record derives from wcsp data supplied on 20120323 which reports it as an accepted name record 332906 with original publication details. Ephedrine can be produced by chemical synthesis and in its pure form. Aug 05, 2019 the whole ephedra sinica plant has traditionally been used to treat symptoms of bronchial asthma, colds, influenza, allergies, and hives in teas or tinctures. Ephedra containing supplements are banned for sale in the united. Pdf wetlands are among the most productive natural environments on earth, as they harbor exceptional biological diversity. The ephedra plant belongs to the gnetum family gnetaceae.
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